A new article "Employment quality and mental health in Germany: The mismatch of low employment quality with work and family values by gender" authored by Deborah De Moortel, Rebeka Balogh, Miriam Engels, and Julie Vanderleyden was published in "Social Science & Medicine". This research explores how employment quality affects mental health in Germany. The findings reveal that precarious jobs negatively impact well-being, but the effects differ by gender. Men in unsustainable employment and women in precarious full-time jobs experience lower mental health. Interestingly, work and family values play a complex role—sometimes buffering the effects, sometimes making them worse.
The full text of the article is available here. Below, you can find the highlights and abstract.
This publication is a part of the FWO research grant "Quality of employment trajectories and mental health: the role of gender and social norms".
Highlights:
- Six employment types are present in Germany.
- Precarious unsustainable employment is linked to low subsequent male mental health.
- Precarious full-time employment is linked to low subsequent female mental health.
- Protected part-time jobs relate to lower mental health for those with strong values.
- Some low-quality jobs relate to better mental health for those with strong values.
Abstract
Empirical evidence on whether low-quality employment is detrimental to workers’ mental health is mostly cross-sectional and empirical evidence on pathways linking employment quality (EQ) to mental health remains scarce. Consequently, this study examines subsequent mental health associations of low-quality employment. Associations between EQ and mental health are investigated through a typology of employment arrangements. This study also investigates whether the relation between EQ types and subsequent mental health is different for workers with varying intensities of work and family values (i.e., importance of success at work and of having children, respectively) across genders. Using a large representative German panel dataset and Latent Class Cluster Analysis, EQ types are built and linked to mental health two years later. We assess two- and three-way interactions between EQ types and values, and between EQ types, gender and values, respectively. We found six EQ types: SER-like, precarious unsustainable, precarious full-time, SER-light, portfolio and protected part-time employment. Controlled for socio-demographic characteristics, precarious unsustainable employment for men and precarious full-time employment for women were associated to lower mental health after two years, compared to SER-like employment. Although protected part-time employment related to worse mental health for those with moderate to strong work and family values, compared to those with mild values, the interactions show an unclear pattern of the moderating role of values for the relation between EQ and subsequent mental health, for both men and women. This study should be replicated in other countries to confirm similar associations.
Citation: De Moortel, D., Balogh, R., Engels, M., & Vanderleyden, J. (2025). Employment quality and mental health in Germany: The mismatch of low employment quality with work and family values by gender. Social Science & Medicine, 117906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.117906
